English version 4 (Mechanical engineering)

Вариант 4
1 Перепишите следующие предложения; определите формы и функции герундия. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the «night vision system».
2 Before starting a car one must examine it carefully.
3 Samuel Morse’s hobby was experimenting with electricity.
4 The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic.
5 They finished installing the apparatus only on Saturday.

2 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 The child insisted on (to send) home at once.
2 I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment.
3 I am quite serious in (to say) that I don’t want to go abroad.
4 She confessed to (to forget) to send the letter.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения, определите по грамматическим признакам, чем являются слова с формой -ing-, т.е. является ли это:
а) причастием;
б) герундием;
в) отглагольным существительным.
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1 Such doings can hardly be explained.
2 Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the fixed day.
3 Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had seen.
4 You should think before speaking.

4 Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст:
Mechanical engineering
Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain kinds of structures. The field is divided into machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics, and pneumatics; and heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. The mechanical engineer, therefore, must be trained in mechanics, hydraulics, and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves, and must design for both economy and efficiency. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.